Zinovei “Zima” Abulnik

Tus Ahmad Abdel Hamid Mahmad

Zinovei “Zima” Abulnik was born to Naam and Gesya Abulnik in Moscow on 23 June 1927. At age 17, he volunteered for the Russian Army. He fought in the Second World War as a combat pilot and was discharged with the rank of lieutenant. After the war he completed two degrees in law and began work as a lawyer. He was married to Paulina and the father of Igor.

Zima was active in the Zionist Movement in Moscow. He immigrated to Israel in 1972, and was one of the founders of Givon Hahadasha, as well as the secretary of the community. Zima was the one who took initiative: the moving spirit, the one who executed, the leader. For a time he even lived there alone. He was a member of the Yesha Council. He also worked for the Civil Administration in al-Bira, and in that capacity oversaw warehouses and served as an advisor to the mayor on transportation.

On 31 March 1985, Zima was shot in the head by a terrorist while shopping at al-Bira Market. Zima died on the spot.

Aharon Avidar

Qaraja Farhoud Muhammad Rafa

Aharon “Roni” Avidar was born to Hannah and David Avidar in Jerusalem on 23 April 1956. After completing his studies, he joined the Israel Air Force. He married Orly following his discharge, and two years later they had a daughter, Hila.

While on reserve duty on 4 February 1985, Roni was shot dead by a terrorist while on guard duty at the customs office in Ramallah.

Roni was 29 at the time of his death. He was survived by parents; a brother, Ilan; his wife; and their daughter, Hila.

Morris (Moshe) Edri

Barham Fawzi Mustafa Nasser

Morris (Moshe) Edri was born to Yitzhak and Masuda Edri in Morocco on 1 May 1928. In 1964 he immigrated to Israel with his wife, Marcel, and their eight children.

On 24 November 1993, a former worker of Morris’ arrived at his store and stayed there waiting there for him, claiming that he had forgotten some clothing in the storeroom. As Morris was making coffee, the former worker stabbed him in the back. Morris fought back fiercely and wounded the terrorist by breaking a glass on him, but died of his wounds. The murderer got away. When he was captured one month later, he confessed to murdering Morris to pass a test for joining Hamas. He was sentenced to life in prison.

Morris was 65 at the time of his death.

Yehudit (Ida) Ostran

Falina Fawzi Salama Mahmad

Yehudit (Ida) Ostran was born in the Soviet Union on 31 March 1935, and immigrated to Israel in 1950. She married Moshe Ostran in 1957, and the couple had two children, Miriam “Mickey” and Ofra.

On 17 October 1992, during the night of Hoshana Rabba, Yehudit was driving home from visiting Mickey in Dolev. With her in the vehicle were her husband, her sister Raya, and another six family members.

En route, the car tripped a roadside bomb and began burning. Yehudit was not able to exit the vehicle before the fire spread to the fuel tank. Her husband, her sister, and the others, some of them injured, managed to get out, but they were unable to save Yehudit. She remained trapped in the vehicle and burned to death.

Yehudit was 57 at the time of her death.

Avi Osher

Abu Dahilah Hassan Atiq Sharif

Avraham “Avi” was born to Bezalel and Sara Oshrowitz in Raanana on 9 November 1951, a scion of founders of the city and Hagganah fighters. He served in the Israel Air Force as a communications technician and, following his military service, was employed in research and development by an established electronics company. Avi married Eilat and the two settled in Beka’ot, in the Jordan Valley. There they had their children, Meirav and Natan. During his time in the Jordan Valley, Avi worked in agriculture. He was well known as a man of peace and a believer in coexistence. He always was respectful of the Arabs he employed.

On 28 June 1991, while at the date palm plantation he managed in Masu’ah, Avi was stabbed to death with a knife by Hassan Atiq Sharif abu Dahila, an Arab employee with whom he had been working for fifteen years. The two had had a very friendly relationship, including mutual family visits. Avi’s corpse was discovered several hours later in a vineyard in Masu’ah; the murderer had taken the body there to delay its discovery.

Avi was 40 years old when he was murdered. He was survived by his wife and two children.

Yosef “Yossi” Eliyahu

Beni Hassan Abdallah Mahmoud Othman

Yusef Mahmad Haza Haza

Yosef “Yossi” Eliyahu was born to Sa’ida and Salman Eliyahu in Iraq in 1950. His family immigrated to Israel in 1952 and settled in Afula Illit. His siblings included Eli, Nissim, Manasseh, Rami, Carmela, Bracha, and Rachel.

Yossi spent seven years teaching smithing. In 1983 he was recognized as the most valued worker of the Afula municipality, and in 1984 he was recognized as the most valued worker of the Miftan youth rehabilitation program.

On 21 July 1985, Yossi and Leah Elmakayes were were on a hike on Mount Gilboa, preparatory to taking their students there. During the hike, three terrorists attacked and killed them. The vehicle in which they had been travelling was found at the entrance to Jenin. Six days later, their bodies were found in a cave on Mount Gilboa.

Yossi was 35 at the time of his death. He was survived by his parents; brothers; his wife, Dalia; and five children: Yaniv, Morag, Sagit, No’ah, and Gal.

Leah Elmakayes

Beni Hassan Abdallah Mahmoud Othman

Yusef Mahmad Haza Haza

Leah Elmakayes was born to Mordechai and Esther Elmakayes in Hadera on 19 October 1966. As a national service volunteer, she worked with youth in the Miftan youth rehabilitation program in Afula. She instilled in them a love of humanity and of the Land of Israel, and was acclaimed by her supervisors, her colleagues, and her students.

While Leah was awaiting an acceptance letter from a university, her life was suddenly cut short by evildoers. On 21 July 1985, Leah and Yossi Eliyahu were were on a hike on Mount Gilboa, preparatory to taking their students there. The two did not return home, and the vehicle in which they were travelling was found at the entrance to Jenin. Six days later, their bodies were found in a cave on Mount Gilboa, near the scene of the murders. Yossi had been shot. Leah had been choked to death with a rope.

Leah was 19 at the time of her death. She was survived by her parents, brothers, and a sister.

Oren Bahrami

Imad Mahmad Jamil Shahada

Oren was a boy from Bat Yam. He was murdered at the age of 13.

Motti Biton

Abu Hanana Zakariya Wadia Osama

Turaqman Yusef Suliman Mahmad

Silawi Khaled Kamel Osama

Abdel-Aziz Sa’id Qassam Ahmad

Mordechai “Motti” Biton was born on 25 December 1959, on the eve of Chanuka. As an adult he married Molly, and the young couple moved to Ganim, in northern Samaria, where they reared their three children. Motti worked as a truck driver.

On Tuesday, 27 October 1992, Motti entered an Arab-owned grocery on the Jenin-Jezreel Junction road, as he was accustomed to doing. Three terrorists followed him into the store and shot him. His wife, Molly, who had remained in their vehicle, shot at the terrorists. They fled, but only after detonating a pipe bomb.

Motti had been seriously wounded by the gunfire. He died in hospital three days later, on 30 October.

Motti was 32 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife, three children, his parents, and siblings.

Amatzya Ben Hayim

Faluji Zakariya Shakar Diaa

Amatzya Ben Hayim was born to Berta and Yitzhak Ben Hayim on 22 June 1947. He was his parents’ only child. He served in the elite General Staff Commando Unit of the IDF, and after his discharge married Dalia. The two had three children: Adi, Gali, and Mayan.

On 11 October 1992, Amatzya left his kibbutz on work to install agricultural control software. He passed by the restaurant run by the kibbutz at the adjacent junction, said goodbye to his wife, and continued on his way to Ganei Tal in Gush Katif. At midday, as he was walking alone in a greenhouse, he was murdered by one of the Arab workers there, who beat him to death with a hoe. The owner of the greenhouse found the body half-an-hour later.

Amatzya was 45 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife and three children.

Meir Ben Yair

Janimat Mahmoud Mahmad Ziyad

Janimat Amar Mahmad Mustafa

Tus Ahmad Abdel Hamid Mahmad

Meir Ben Yair was born to Frecha and Shimon Ben Yair in 1952, and grew up in Jerusalem. After reaching adulthood, he married Miriam. The couple lived in Jerusalem and had two children.

On 27 June 1985, Meir was shot to death by a terrorist while in his car in Masu’ah Forest, by Jerusalem. The same terrorist also killed Michal Cohen, who was in the same area. The vehicle and bodies were found by a group of soldiers who happened to pass by.

Meir was 33 at the time of his death.

Moshe Beker

Barbakh Faiz Rajab Madhat

Moshe Beker was born to Yaacov and Leah Beker in Poland in June 1933. He immigrated to the Land of Israel in 1935. Moshe participated in all the wars in which the IDF saw action, and was a long-time resident of Rishon Letziyon. His life revolved around the orchard where he ultimately met his end. Moshe was married to Bella. They had four children: Tzviya, Haya, Yaacov, and Sarit.

On 21 January 1994, Moshe arrived at his orchard to see whether his employee was there yet. He was ambushed there by three terrorists, who had slept on site and waited for him. They attacked him, stabbed him to death with a knife and a pair of pruning shears, and fled. Two of the three were caught and sentenced to life imprisonment.

Moshe was 61 at the time of his death.

Avraham Bromberg

Younes Younes Fadal Fadal Karim

Younes Abdel Latif Abdel Qadir Maher

Avraham Bromberg was born to Sara and Hayim Bromberg in Zichron Yaacov on 14 February 1960. He joined the IDF in 1978 and served in an Armored Corps base on the Golan Heights. Avraham loved the Golan and travelled widely there; he especially loved the abundance of water and the views of the Golan.

On 26 November 1980, Avraham was on his way from the Golan to his home when a group of murderers attacked him. Avraham fought them, but they succeeded in shooting him in the head and then took his weapon. He was brought to Maimonides Hospital in critical condition, and four days later (1 December) he died of his wounds.

Avraham was 20 at the time of his death.

Tova Bronstein

Gassan Mahmad Barakat Zariki

Nidal Yusef Abd Alfatah Zabara

Tova Bronstein was murdered due to a financial dispute. She was 74 at the time of her death.

One of the murderers, Zariki, later submitted a request to shorten his prison term.

David Dadi

Abu Sita Talab Mahmad Ayman

Abu Satta Ahmad Sa’id Aladdin

David Dadi was born to Shimon and Miha Dadi in Tunis on 1 September 1950. He immigrated to Israel as a child and settled in Ramla. David had a beautiful voice and loved to sing. He had a great joie de vivre and laughed and smiled much. He also loved to study Torah, and was a true scholar.

On 31 December 1993, David was stabbed to death along with his acquaintance Hayim Weizman in his apartment in Ramla: Arab workers from Gaza who were working in a neighboring apartment entered the apartment while they slept and killed them.

David was 43 at the time of his death.

Yaacov Dubinsky

Agbaria Hassan Muhammad

Agbaria Hassan Mahmoud Ibrahim

Agbaria Mustafa Mahmad Yahya

Yaacov Dubinsky was born to Asya and Gregory Dubinsky in the Soviet Union on 12 July 1962, and immigrated to Israel in 1989. In January 1992 he was recruited to the army for reserve training and entered a training course of the Armored Corps at Camp 80.

On the Night of the Pitchforks, 14 February 1992, Yaacov fell while serving. Terrorists entered a tent of a company of trainees in the Gilad Training Zone and proceeded to kill a number of soldiers, and Yaacov fell in the battle.

Yaacov was put to rest in the military section of Carmiel Cemetery. He was survived by his mother and his twin brother, Yevgeny. Yaacov was 29 at the time of his death.

Yeshayahu (Shaya) Yohanan Deutsch

Maqlad Mahmoud Zayd Salah

Yeshayahu “Shaya” Yohanan Deutsch was born to Bilhah and Ze’ev Deutsch in Moshav Hazor’im in 1954. In 1986 he moved to Kfar Yam, in Gush Katif. He loved the sea, worked in agriculture, and produced specialized varieties of flowers.

On 29 March 1993, Shaya was called to his greenhouse by an employee. On his arrival, he was ambushed by an Arab terrorist, who stabbed him in the heart, thus causing his death. The terrorist then fled.

Shaya was 39 at the time of his death. He was put to rest in his childhood hometown, Moshav Hazor’im. Shaya was survived by an elderly father and eight brothers and sisters.

Rafi Doron

Shamasaneh Yusef A. Jawad Mahmad

Shamasaneh Yusef A. Jawad A. Jawad

Rafi Doron worked as a taxi driver. He was murdered by the terrorists who earlier had murdered Lior Tubol and Ronen Karamani.

The murderers were caught three years after the event. In this time they had committed two additional murders. They were sentenced to three life terms, but one was later released in the Schalit Deal.

David Delarosa

Abu Harbish Salam Saliman Mahmoud

Adam Ibrahim Jum’ah Juma’a

In October 1988, an Egged bus was making its way along the Jordan Valley Road from Beit She’an to Jerusalem when, as it was passing Jericho, a terrorist threw a Molotov cocktail at it. The bus quickly became engulfed in flames.

Seated in the back row of the bus was the Weiss family: father, mother, and three small children. The bus driver opened the doors and yelled at the passengers to disembark. All of the passengers succeeded in doing so, with the exception of Rachel Weiss and her three children.

Among the passengers was soldier David Delarosa. When David, who already had left the bus, saw that the Weisses were going up in flames, he re-entered the burning bus to rescue the family. He tried to pull out Rachel and the children, but to no avail. David was forced to leave the bus when he began to choke.

David suffered severe burns to his respiratory system as a result of breathing while among the flames, and passed away in hospital several days later, after suffering greatly.

Baruch Yaacov Heisler

Sawalha Bad Almajed Mahmad Mahmad

Sawalha Faz Ahmad Husni

Baruch Yaacov Heisler was born to Yosef and Frieda Heisler in Jerusalem on 27 December 1966. He was named after his grandfather, who was killed by shelling during a bombardment of the Old City during the War of Liberation. Baruch Yaacov’s family was an old Jerusalem rabbinic family, and he too aspired to join the rabbinate. He loved his fellow man and always helped others, whether the community or individuals.

On 2 December 1990, Yaacov missed his ride to his yeshiva and instead boarded bus 66 from Petah Tikva to Tel Aviv. Three Arab terrorists boarded at the Pardes Katz stop, and immediately thereafter, at the junction of Ben Gurion Road and Jabotinsky Road in Ramat Gan, began stabbing passengers. Baruch Yaacov was murdered; three others were injured. The terrorists ultimately were stopped by the bus driver and a policeman, who killed one of them.

Yaacov was 24 at the time of his death.

Edna Harari

Tus Ahmad Abdel Hamid Mahmad

Edna Harari was born to Zion and Clara Harari on 1 March 1963 in Jerusalem. She loved to go on nature hikes.

On 2 October 1985, Edna and her friend Motti drove to the Jerusalem mountains, taking with them food and equipment for a long hike. They left their car in a parking lot adjacent to Ein Kobi Spring, and from there they set off down a trail on foot. Shortly afterward, they were caught by surprise by three terrorists who ambushed them and shot them to death. The hikers’ bodies were found only after several days of frantic searches in the area.

Edna was 22 at the time of her death.

Rachel Weiss and her three children: Ephraim, Netanel, and Raphael

Abu Harbish Salam Saliman Mahmoud

Adam Ibrahim Juma’a Juma’a

In October 1988, an Egged bus was making its way along the Jordan Valley Road from Beit She’an to Jerusalem when, as it was passing Jericho, a terrorist threw a Molotov cocktail at it. The bus quickly became engulfed in flames.

Seated in the back row of the bus was the Weiss family: father, mother, and three small children. The bus driver opened the doors and yelled at the passengers to disembark. All of the passengers succeeded in doing so, with the exception of Rachel Weiss and her three children.

Among the passengers was soldier David Delarosa. When David, who already had left the bus, saw that the Weisses were going up in flames, he re-entered the burning bus to rescue the family. He tried to pull out Rachel and the children, but to no avail. David was forced to leave the bus when he began to choke.

Rachel and her children were burned to death.

Hayim Weizman

Abu Sita Talab Mahmad Ayman

Abu Satta Ahmad Sa’id Aladdin

Hayim Weizman was born to Annette and Hanania Weizman in Morocco on 4 July 1960. His family immigrated to Israel in 1962 and settled in Ramla. As an adult he married and had a son, Eliran. Hayim was a lively and happy person. He enjoyed bungy jumping and even won a championship in it.

On 31 December 1993, Hayim was stabbedto death along with his friend David Dadi while they were in David’s apartment in Ramla: Arab workers from Gaza who were working in a neighboring apartment entered the apartment while they slept and killed them.

Hayim was 33 at the time of his death. He was survived by his son, parents, and five brothers.

Yigal Vaknin

Maslaha Ouwad Mahmad Yusef

Amawi Hamad Alabed Halmi

Yigal Vaknin was born to Eliyahu and Alice Vaknin in Be’er Sheva on 24 April 1971. He was named after Yigal Alon, an early leader of the State of Israel. In the IDF, Yigal served in the Combat Engineering Corps.

On Friday, 24 September 1993, only about two hours before the beginning of Yom Kippur, Yigal’s body was found by his home and workplace in Moshav Botzra, north of Raanana.He had been stabbed to death with a knife by Hamas terrorists.

Yigal was 22 at the time of his death. He was survived by his parents and eight siblings.

Daniel “Dani” Hazut

Isa Moussa Isa Mahmoud

Daniel “Dani” Hazut and his twin brother, Gadi, were born to Rina and Yitzhak Hazut on 29 June 1961. In 1979, Daniel joined the IDF Nahal Brigade, and he later served in the Armored Corps, along with his brother. He fought in the Lebanon War and served for a year as a career soldier during the war, and was decorated with the Peace for Gallillee campaign ribbon. Daniel joined the police in 1984, and served for eight years in the Northern District of the National Traffic Police.

During the night of 30 March 1993, Sgt.-Maj. Daniel Hazut and his colleague Motti Israel were murdered while on duty at Talmai Eliezer Junction, near Wadi Ara. The terrorists who murdered them had disguised themselves with IDF uniforms and skullcaps and drove a white Ford Sierra, a vehicle that was in use by police detectives.

Daniel was 32 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife; his daughter, Sapir, who was born several days after he fell; his parents; and brothers.

Orly Hakim

Muhammad Ahmad Abdallah Halabi

Muhammad Ahmad Abdallah Halabi

Orly Hakim was born to Malka and Yithak Hakim on 27 July 1968 and grew up in Tel Aviv.

In the wee hours of 20 October 1989, during Sukkot, Orly was strangled to death by two brothers from Gaza. She was one of seven people killed that day in Tel Aviv. It was later learned that one of the murderers had previously collaborated with the Israeli security forces, and had decided to commit the murder with his brother in order to “clear” his name.

Lior Tubol

Shamasaneh Yusef A. Jawad Mahmad

Shamasaneh Yusef A. Jawad A. Jawad

Lior Tubol was born to Yaacov and Miriam Tubol in Jerusalem on 12 September 1973.

On Saturday, 4 August 1990, Lior left his home in the neighborhood of Kiryat Yovel with his friend Ronen Karamani, and the two travelled in the direction of the neighborhood of Givat Ze’ev, intending to meet up their with their girlfriends. A friend drove them to the Ramot Bridge, where they got off. When the two were late for their date, the friend called the Tubol house and reported their absence. Searches began.

At the bridge, Lior and Ronen had been forced into a car by three terrorists, who bound them and killed them with stabs to all parts of their bodies. Lior Tubol and Ronen Karamani’s bound corpses were discovered two days later in the ravine between Beit Hanina and Ramot.

The two friends were put to rest at a joint funeral. Lior was 17 at the time of his death.

Nissim Toledano

Isa Moussa Isa Mahmoud

On 13 December 1992, Border Police Warrant Officer Nissim Toledano was abducted by a cell of Hamas terrorists in Lod. Initially Hamas demanded that its leader Sheikh Ahmed Yassin be released in exchange for Toledano, but in the end Toledano was murdered by his captors. His body was found bound and stabbed.

Israel Tenenbaum

Salah Ibrahim Ahmad Mughdad

Israel Tenenbaum was born in Poland on 11 September 1921. His father was Zorah Tenenbaum. He immigrated to Israel in 1957, at age 36, and settled in Moshav Ein Vered. He worked in agriculture on the moshav for many years, and was well regarded by the other residents as a quiet, modest man.

On Monday, 14 June 1993, Israel’s body was found at the Sirens Hotel in Netanya, where he had been working as a night watchman. A terrorist had murdered him on the job.

Israel was 72 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife, Minna; his children, Aryeh and Esther; and his grandchildren, Hen, Alon, Idan, and Jordana.

Carmela Yahya

Muhammad Ahmad Abdallah Halabi

Mahmoud Ahmad Abdallah Halabi

Carmela Yahya was born to Hella and Salim Yahya in Holon, where she grew up with her six sisters and three brothers. She herself had three children: Ofer, Jackie, and Shai.

On 20 October 1989, Carmela was murdered in her apartment by a terrorist from Gaza. She was one of seven people murdered in Tel Aviv that day.

Shlomo Yahya

Abu Mohsin Khaled Ibrahim Jamal

Shlomo Yahya was born in 1915 in Yemen, and grew up there. He immigrated to Israel with his wife, Bracha, and their children as part of Operation Flying Carpet, about one year after Israel was re-established. He earned a living as a gardener in Moshav Kadima. Shlomo was well-known for the beautiful gardens that he tended. He loved his work and continued it into retirement. Shlomo was respectful of all people, Jews and Arabs, and reared his six children to do the same.

On Thursday, 26 September 1991, during the intermediate days of Sukkot, Shlomo went out to garden as he did every morning. An Arab who was waiting in a public garden for a victim stabbed Shlomo to death with a knife on his arrival.

Shlomo was 76 at the time of his death, and was survived by his wife and six children. He was put to rest in Kadima Cemetery.

Mordechai “Motti” Israel

Isa Moussa Isa Mahmoud

Mordechai “Motti” Israel was born on 19 September 1958, his parents’ first child. At age 16 he began volunteering in the Civil Guard, and he later earned a distinguished volunteer’s medal. While in the IDF he served in the Golani Brigade. He joined the army early, having persevered upon his mother to sign a special permission form. Motti finished his service as a distinguished soldier, after participating in Operation Litani.

Once discharged, Motti decided to follow in his father’s footsteps and become a policeman, joining the Controlled Substances Branch of the Investigative Department of the Israel Police. Motti racked up many successes over the course of his short service by posing as a narcotic addict seeking to buy drugs. This led him to many major drug traffickers, who thus were arrested redhanded. Later Motti joined the Northern District of the National Traffic Police. He was a smiley, famously funny person, always ready to lend a helping hand. Indeed, on his final shift he was taking the place of another policeman who had a pressing emergency—and he paid for this with his life.

On 30 March 1993, Sgt.-Maj. Mordechai Israel and his companion on the shift, Daniel Hazut, were murdered by terrorists at Talmai Eliezer Junction, near Wadi Ara. The terrorists had disguised themselves with IDF uniforms and skullcaps and drove a white Ford Sierra, a vehicle that was in use by police detectives.

Motti was 35 at the time of his death. He was buried in Haifa’s Hof Hacarmel Cemetery. He was survived by his daughter, Elinor; his parents, Alegra and Moshe; his brother, Micah; and his sister, Mira.

Yoram Cohen

Abu al Rub Mustafa Mahmoud Faisal

Kamil Awad Ali Ahmad

Yoram Cohen was born to Aliza and Yehuda Cohen in Moshav Adirim on 28 September 1971. He joined the IDF in 1989 and served in the Givati Brigade. He served for some time in Gaza, where he miraculously escaped a bullet that passed right next to him.

On 14 September 1991, Yoram fell in battle with terrorists in Jenin.

He was survived by his parents and his siblings: Shlomo, Tzipi, Rachel, Ricky, Sima, Pinny, Tova, and Etty. He was 20 at the time of his death.

Meir Cohen

Muhammad Ahmad Abdallah Halabi

Mahmoud Ahmad Abdallah Halabi

Meir Cohen was born to Hannah and Avraham Cohen on 27 February 1955. His siblings were Rachel, Bruriya, Bracha, Tamar, Mordechai, and Shimshon. Meir was a divorcé and the father of Avi.

He was one of seven people murdered in Tel Aviv on 20 October 1989 by a terrorist from Gaza.

Meir was put to rest in Holon Cemetery. He was 34.

Michal Cohen

Janimat Mahmoud Mahmad Ziyad

Janimat Amar Mahmad Mustafa

Tus Ahmad Abdel Hamid Mahmad

Michal Cohen was born to Aliza and Avraham Shitrit in Israel on 5 May 1954, and grew up in Beit Shemesh with her siblings, Shoshi and David. She went on to study at the Jerusalem School of Nursing, and worked as a nurse at the Histadrut clinic in Beit Shemesh. She lived in Beit Shemesh with her husband, Michael Cohen, and their children.

On 27 June 1985, Michal was on a trip in Masu’ah Forest when a terrorist appeared at her car window. She attempted to escape, but the terrorist opened fire and killed her. Afterward, the terrorist shot and killed Meir Ben Yair, who also was in the area. The car and two bodies were found by a group of soldier who happened to pass by.

Michal was 32 at the time of her death. She was survived by her husband, her two children, her parents, her brother, and her sister.

Shimon Cohen

Al Azraq Daoud Ahmad Khaled

Shimon Cohen was born to Moshe and Ayala Cohen in the Old City of Jerusalem on 20 March 1920. His family was an old Jerusalem family; Shimon was a sixth-generation resident of the Land of Israel, as well as a third-generation fishmonger at Mahaneh Yehudah Market. He also worked as a building contractor, and volunteered of his time for community service and social welfare programs. He was married to Hannah. The couple had five children, as well as grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

On 28 May 1990, an IED exploded at Mahaneh Yehudah. Shimon was killed, and many others were wounded.

Shimon was 71 at the time of his death.

Ron Levy

Abd al Rabba Namar Jibril Isa

Ron Levy was born to Sonny and Carolina (Ruth) Levy in Tel Aviv on 26 September 1961. His siblings were Anat and Dana.

On 22 October 1984, Ron went on a hike in the northern Mount Hevron area with his friend Revital Seri. While at a brook, they were accosted by an Arab from the adjacent refugee camp who had stolen a weapon from a soldier. The terrorist bound the two hikers, put a bag on their heads, and shot them to death at close range.

Ron was 23.

Simcha Levy

Shaath Azath Shaaban Attaf

Simcha Levy was born to Jiran and Yosef in 1942, and immigrated to Israel in 1950. In 1992 Simcha moved to Midreshet Hadarom in Gush Katif, where she made a living providing transportation to local workers. Simcha was a small woman with a big spirit. She was a proud Jew who lived among the Arabs in order to make ends meet. She loved the people of Midreshet Hadarom among whom she lived. She was a helpful person and would discreetly provide assistance to those less fortunate; she would donate boxes of produce to needy Jewish and Arab families.

On 12 March 1993, Simcha picked up a group of female agricultural workers in Khan Yunis. Among them were three male terrorists dressed as women. As the workers looked on, the three murdered Simcha in her vehicle with blows and stabs from a knife, then fled. The subsequent investigation revealed that many workers had received instructions not to come to work that day, so that there would be space for the terrorists.

Simcha was 51 at the time of her death, and was survived by brothers and sisters. She was interred at Ofakim Cemetery.

Tal Moses

Daoud Adal Hassan Mahmad

Tal Moses was born to Ofra and Avraham Moses on 18 March 1982. His older siblings were Nir and Adi. When he was 2, Tal’s family moved to Afula.

On 11 April 1987, the Moses family and a friend of one of the children were driving near the village of Habala. An incendiary bomb was thrown at the car, which rapidly became a fire trap. The injured father managed to get his three children and the other child out of the car, and they were rushed to hospital with serious burns. Ofra, who had been strapped in by a seatbelt in the front seat, did not manage to get out and was burned alive. Tal died of his wounds in hospital three months later.

Tal was 5 years old at the time of his death.

Ofra Moses

Daoud Adal Hassan Mahmad

Ofra Moses was born to Shfika and Yehezkel Shirazi in Jerusalem on 8 May 1953. She was the second of three daughters, and also had two brothers. She married Avraham “Abie”Moses, and the couple had three children: Nir, Adi, and Tal.

On 11 April 1987, the Moses family and a friend of one of the children were driving near the village of Habala. An incendiary bomb was thrown at the car, which rapidly became a fire trap. The injured father managed to get his three children and the other child out of the car, and they were rushed to hospital with serious burns. Ofra, who had been strapped in by a seatbelt in the front seat, did not manage to get out and was burned alive. Tal died of his wounds in hospital three months later.

Ofra was 34 at the time of her death.

Hayim “Himu” Mizrahi

Mansour Omar Abdel Hafiz Asmat

Tamimi Rushdi Muhammad Sa’id

Hayim Mizrahi was born to Mazal and Pinhas Mizrahi on 8 December 1963. He grew up in Bat Yam and Holon with his sisters, Margalit and Asnat, and his brother, Itzik. As a child, Hayim belonged to the junior league soccer team of Hapoel Tel Aviv. Following is army service, he became religious, moved to Beit El, and married Iris.

On Friday, 29 October 1993, Hayim went to buy eggs from an Arab-owned farm near his home, as he was wont to do. He was greeted by terrorists who attacked him and fled in his vehicle after wounding him and stuffing him into the trunk. The terrorists proceeded to murder Hayim, then burned and abandoned the vehicle north of Ramallah.

Hayim was 30 at the time of his death. He was put to rest in Holon Cemetery. Hayim was survived by his pregnant wife, his parents, his sisters, and his brother. Half-a-year after his murder, his daughter, Tehilla, was born.

Binyamin Meisner

Taqtuq Lutfi Halma Ibrahim

Na’anish Naif Abdel Jafar Samir

Binyamin Meisner was born to Ruth and Eric Meisner in El Salvador on 30 April 1964. His family immigrated to Israel when he was 3.5 and settled in Kiryat Tivon. In January 1983, Binyamin joined the IDF.

On 24 February 1989, Binyamin fell while patrolling the Casbah in Shechem (Nablus) during reserve duty.

Binyamin was survived by his parents; his brother, Raphael; and his sister, Tamar.

Yosef Malka (Malkin)

Sawafta Sudqi Abdel Razeq Mouhlas

Yosef Malka (Malkin) was born to Claire Malkin on 30 March 1930. As an adult, he studied industrial engineering and was certified as an industrial engineer. He lived in Haifa and worked as a team manager for Deshanim in the Haifa Bay area. Yosef was a quiet person with many friends.

On 29 December 1990, Yosef was stabbed to death by two Arabs from Jenin who had entered his home for purposes of robbery. His body was discovered that night by an acquaintance.

Yosef was 60 at the time of his death.

Hayim Nahmani

Abu Srour Jamil Hassan Mahmoud

Abu Srour Hassan Abd Hamid Nasser

Maher abu Srour (22) of Beit Jala was arrested by the security forces for his support of Hamas. After his release he opened a barber shop in the al-Aida refugee camp, west of Bethlehem. In December 1992 he was recruited as an ISA informant.

On 3 January 1993, abu Srour arrived for a rendezvous with ISA officer Hayim Nahmani in an ISA meeting place in the neighborhood of Rehavya in Jerusalem, accompanied by two relatives. Abu Srour murdered Nahmani on the spot with stabs from a knife and blows from a hammer, with the aim of “clearing” himself of suspicions that he had aroused on the street. He succeeded in evading the security forces a number of times, and on 1 July 1993 attempted to hijack a bus full of passengers in Jerusalem.

Abu Srour was killed along with two other terrorists in a crossfire with Border Police forces. Also killed was Jeanette Kadosh, whose car the three had hijacked.

Mordechai “Motti” Souisa

Tus Ahmad Abdel Hamid Mahmad

Mordechai “Motti” Souisa was born to Hannah and Makluf Souisa on 3 March 1957.

On 2 October 1985, Motti and his friend Edna went out together, taking food and equipment for a long hike. On the way to their starting point they were involved in a minor traffic accident, which damaged a door of their car, but they nevertheless continued on their way. They parked their car in a parking lot adjacent to Ein Kobi Spring, and from there set off down a trail in the foothills of Mount Refa’im. Shortly afterward, they were caught by surprise by three terrorists who ambushed them and shot them to death. The hikers’ bodies were found only after several days of frantic searches in the area.

Motti was 28 at the time of his death. He was survived by his parents and his siblings: David, Moshe, Meir, Shira, Mazal, and Penina.

Revital “Revi” Seri

Abd al Rabba Namar Jibril Isa

Revital “Revi” Seri was born to Shaul and Batsheva Seri in Jerusalem on 3 January 1962. She had two sisters, Michal and Naama.

On 22 October 1984, Revital went on a hike in the northern Mount Hevron area with her friend Ron Levy. While at a brook, they were accosted by an Arab from the adjacent refugee camp who had stolen a weapon from a soldier. The terrorist bound the two hikers, put a bag on their heads, and shot them to death at close range.

Miriam Abbas

Muhammad Ahmad Abdallah Halabi

Mahmoud Ahmad Abdallah Halabi

Miriam Abbas was born in Israel in 1957 and grew up in a Muslim family in Acre. As an adult, she lived in Tel Aviv with her husband and their children.

On Friday, 20 October 1989, Miriam was stabbed to death with a knife in the Shapira neighborhood. She was one of seven people murdered in Tel Aviv that day by a terrorist from Gaza.

Miriam was 34 at the time of her death.

Shealtiel Akiva

Abu Jabar Ali Hussein Ahmad

Shaqir Musbah Nufal al Afu

Shealtiel Akiva was born to Verda and Shalom Akiva in Petah Tikva on 31 January 1964. He joined the IDF in August 1982, fought in Operation Peace for Galilee, and was accepted to an officer training course. Shealtiel was set to be recognized as an outstanding soldier at the President’s Residence on Independence Day 1985.

On 5 April, the day before the Seder, Shealtiel arrived home from Lebanon to spend Passover with his family. Before he arrived home, though, a telephone call was received from his base saying that he must return to his unit, which he did. On 6 April, having finished his assignment and with hopes of spending at least part of the holiday with his family, Shealtiel departed his base in Samaria and traveled in the direction of Rosh Ha’ayin. On the way, he was abducted by terrorists. Two days later, on 8 April, a local Arab resident discovered Shealtiel’s body discarded on the Ben Shemen-Rosh Ha’ayin Road, near the community of Beit Aryeh.

Shealtiel was 21 at the time of his death. He was survived by his parents, three sisters, and two brothers.

Amnon Pomeranz

Damuni Sa’ad Mahmad Ahmad

Nashbat Jabar Yusef Mahmad

Amnon Pomeranz was born to Tzipora and Moshe Pomeranz on 15 August 1944. He was an electric engineer and scientist, and worked in research and development. Amnon was an original and creative thinker, theoretical and practical at once. During his time at Raphael he worked on missile and robotics development. For him, work was a challenge. He did not pursue honor, and did not compete for social standing. Amnon also was an outstanding athlete.

On 20 September, Rosh Hashanah 1990, Amnon left his home in Havatzelet Hasharon for reserve duty in Gaza. Three hours later, he was brutally murdered by a horde of murderous rioters thirsty for Jewish blood when he made a wrong turn on the way to his base and accidentally entered Al Burj Refugee Camp. He was stoned and murdered, and his car set on fire.

Amnon was 46 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife and three children: Hofit, Snapir, and Gideon.

Ian Sean Feinberg

Masoud Isa Rajab Amar

Abdel Aal Sa’id Ouda Yusef

Isa Sa’id Abd Aziz Riad

Ian Sean Feinberg was born to Estelle and Cyril Sigmund Feinberg in South Africa on 10 April 1963. He had two siblings, Eddie and Gila. His mother passed away when he was 9. Later his father married Gillian, and they had two additional children, Adam and Erela.

Ian was active in Bnei Akiva, served for five years as an officer and lawyer in the Gaza Strip, and stood out for the respect he showed Arabs. As a civilian he worked with commercial companies from Gaza, and served as a legal advisor to the local economic society. He married Ofra, and they had three children: Nir Tal, Guy, and Dana.

On 18 April 1993, during a business meeting in the Rimal neighborhood of Gaza City, terrorists burst into the room and announced that they had come to kill the Jew. They then proceeded to murder Ian with gunshots and an ax.

Ian was 30 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife and three children.

Yuri Ferda

Agbaria Hassan Muhammad

Agbaria Hassan Mahmoud Ibrahim

Agbaria Mustafa Mahmad Yahya

Muhammad Tawafiq Saliman Yusef Jabarin

Yuri Ferda was born to Leah and Peter Ferda in the Soviet Union on 8 April 1959. He served in the Soviet Army from 1977 to 1979. Yuri then married, started a family, and in 1989 immigrated to Israel with his wife and daughter.

In the beginning he studied Hebrew at an ulpan while doing odd jobs for a living. In January 1992 he began his mandatory service in the IDF with basic training for new immigrants; he was on track to proceed from there to the Armored Corps. Yuri’s commanders later described how, as a trainee, he fulfilled assignments well and responsibly.

On the Night of the Pitchforks, 14 February 1992, terrorists attacked a trainees’ tent in the Gilad Training Zone. Yuri, who was on guard duty, fell in the ensuing battle.

Yuri was survived by his pregnant wife; his daughter, Karine; his parents; and his brother, Sergey. He was 33 at the time of his death.

Yosef Farhan

Shahada Farid Shahada Ahmad

Jason (Yehoshua) Friedberg

Shamasaneh Yusef A. Jawad A. Jawad

Jason (Yehoshua) Friedberg was born to Diana and Herbert Friedberg in Canada on 30 August 1968. He studied at the Tikva Jewish elementary school and continued his education at Herzliah High School in Montreal; upon graduating he was recognized for excellence at both sports and academic studies and was honored as valedictorian of his class. Jason also was active in Jewish youth circles. He coached students at a Hebrew elementary school and prepared them for the Bible Quiz, as well as taught adults Torah.

In January 1991, Jason traveled to Israel and commenced studies at Yeshivat Mechon Meir. With the outbreak of the Gulf War he felt a civil duty to serve in the IDF, although he was considered a tourist and therefore not required to serve. At the end of June 1992, he enlisted. Jason volunteered for service in the Golani Brigade, and was recognized as the outstanding soldier of his company. He was given the assignment of carrying the MAG machine gun for his company, owing to the admiration, respect, and confidence in him, as well as his maturity. He was in the process of qualifying for an officer training course.

On 12 March 1993, Jason was murdered by terrorists while on his way to Tel Hashomer for tests ahead of acceptance to the course. Hie body was found on the side of the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway. Jason was buried, in accordance with his family’s request, in the military cemetery at Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.

Jason was survived by his parents; his brother, David (Ze’ev); and his sister, Jennifer (Yaacova). He was promoted to the rank of corporal following his death.

Guy Friedman

Agbaria Hassan Muhammad

Agbaria Hassan Mahmoud Ibrahim

Agbaria Mustafa Mahmad Yahya

Muhammad Tawafiq Saliman Yusef Jabarin

Guy Friedman was born to Naomi and David Friedman in Haifa on 19 September 1972. He joined the IDF in March 1991 and volunteered for service as a naval commando. He then completed a team commanders training course and a parachuting course. Later he moved to a Nahal unit, where he served as a team commander in a basic training course.

On the Night of the Pitchforks, 14 February 1992, in the area of Ramat Menashe, Guy fell in a battle against terrorists who had attacked a trainees’ tent.

Guy was buried in the military section of Zichron Yaacov Cemetery. He was survived by his parents and his brother, Yaron.

Guy Friedman

Salah Ali Khader Razeq

Guy Friedman was born to Clara and Shmuel Friedman in Haifa on 15 November 1971. He was a member of the Israel Scouts and the National Youth Movement, and excelled as an athlete in running, soccer, and basketball. He loved the sea, as well as to paint and to sculpt. Guy joined the IDF in July 1990 and was accepted to a Paratroop commando course.

Guy was wounded on 9 December 1990 in Bethlehem by the synchronized explosion of a number of IED’s. He died of his wounds.

Guy was 19 at the time of his death. He was survived by his parents and his two brothers, Ron and Amir.

Genia Friedman

Abad Alhaj Yusef Abd A. Rahman

Genia Friedman was born to Izaya and Iokhaveda Gudis in Ukraine on 12 June 1950. She married Arkady Friedman, and the two immigrated to Israel with their daughter, Rita, in 1973.

On Friday, 21 February 1992, Genia was taking a walk on Weizman Street in Kfar Saba with her father and some friends when an Arab suddenly attacked pedestrian traffic on the street and began stabbing them.

Genia was murdered. Her father and two other passersby were wounded.

Avraham Kinstler

Ramahi Salah Abdallah Faraj

Avraham Kinstler was born to Zissel and Rabbi Kalman Kinstler in Kańczuga, in Polish Galicia, on the eve of Shavuot, 4 June 1908. At the age of 20 he founded the town’s branch of Hovevei Zion, and in addition to his work there he taught his friends Hebrew. In 1935 he married Hannah, and the two immigrated to the Land of Israel, where they reared their daughters: Ada, Shlomit, and Batya.

Avraham was an individualist and an original thinker, a multi-talented person, studious, as well as a Torah scholar. He was highly familiar with both general and Jewish culture, while especially treasuring Jewish thought and studying it to the last of his days, seeking to bring the world of Judaism to the young generation. Above all, though, Avraham was a working man. He believed in work, made it a value, and kept at it his entire life.

On 7 July 1992, Avraham went to work as usual. There was a heavy dust storm that day, and the trees had to be watered. But he didn’t get to the point of turning on the water: a terrorist ambushed him and murdered him with an ax. The terrorist was caught several months later, brought to trial, and sentenced to life in prison.

Avraham was 84 at the time of his death. He was survived by three daughters and six grandchildren.

Tzvi Shealtiel Klein

Samarin Mustafa Kalib Asrar

Qar’an Azath Moussa Moussa

Tzvi Shealtiel Klein was born to Aharon and Pessia Klein in Czechoslovakia on 10 May 1947. He married Liora and the two had three children: Merav, Noam, and Rachel. The family moved to Ofra in 1980.

On 1 December 1991, during Tzvi’s drive home from Jerusalem, in the middle of the city of al-Bireh, terrorists in a passing car fired on Tzvi’s vehicle. He was fatally wounded, and a passenger was lightly injured. Tzvi’s daughter Merav, who was in the vehicle, was not wounded and called for help. Tzvi was evacuated to hospital and was declared clinically dead the next day. He expired the day after that, 3 December.

Tzvi was memorialized in the name of a new neighborhood of Ofra bearing his name, Givat Tzvi, and a medical center in Kiryat Arba, as well as through the publication of Samaria and Binyamin: Volume 3 by Hodayot School publishing studio, in Hamorim Forest, at Noam Seminary, and through a charitable fund of the Binyamin Regional Council.

Ronen Karamani

Shamasaneh Yusef A. Jawad Mahmad

Shamasaneh Yusef A. Jawad A. Jawad

Ronen Karamani was born to Mazal and Eliyahu Karamani in Jerusalem on 13 January 1972.

On 4 August 1990, Ronen went with his close friend Lior Tubol to visit their girlfriends in the neighborhood of Pisgat Ze’ev. A friend picked them up, but for various reasons dropped them off at Ramot Junction. While the two were walking toward the bus stop there, three men pulled up alongside them in a Ford Transit with an Arabic license plate and offered them a ride. When they refused, one of the men drew a pistol and forced them into the car. The youths resisted and put up a fight, but the three men bound their hands and gagged them with rags so that they could not call for help. They were driven to a ravine in Beit Hanina and, after a struggle, were stabbed to death.

Ronen’s family learned of his absence from one of the girlfriends who had come to the date, and initiated a search for the youths, along with the police and volunteers. Their bodies were discovered two days later.

Ronen was 18 at the time of his death. He was one month away from his enlistment in the IDF.

The murderers were caught three years after the event, in which time they committed two additional murders. They were sentenced to three life terms, but one was later released in the Schalit Deal.

Reuven David

Maslaha Ouwad Mahmad Yusef

Maslah Abdallah Salama Salma

Reuven David was born to Eliyahu and Miriam David in Iraq in 1932. In 1949 he risked his life illegally immigrating to Israel. He married Meira, and the couple had three children: Zemira Shalhevet, Dorli, and Zamir Shaul. Reuven was a man of peace, beloved by those who knew him, and happy to assist others; an honest, modest, bashful person, as well as a lover of Arabic song. For his work, Reuven managed a mini-market in Petah Tikva.

On Monday, 20 May 1991, Arab laborers entered the mini-market, attacked Reuven, bound his arms and legs, and beat him to death. They then locked the store and left the scene in his car.

Reuven was 59 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife, three children, and grandchildren.

Steven Frederick Rosenfeld

Al Haj Othman Amar Mustafa

Damara Ibrahim Mustafa Bilal

Steven Frederick Rosenfeld was born to Eugene and Ethel Rosenfeld in New York on 29 August 1941. He immigrated to Israel in 1968 and volunteered at Kibbutz Masada, where he was injured when a truck he was driving hit a landmine. Following rehabilitation, Frederick began working on archaeological digs in the Ein Bokek area, where he met his wife, Rachel. He was a Zionist with a great love the for the Land of Israel.

On Saturday, 7 June 1989, Frederick went on a hike in the hills near Ariel, where he lived. He encountered a group of shepherds who stole a knife that he had in his possession, stabbed him to death, and hid his body on the side of the path. A different shepherd who was passing through the area found the body the next day.

Frederick was 48 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife and brother.

Mordechai “Motke” Roichman

Baroud Ahmad Mahmad Fares

Mordechai “Motke” Roichman was born to an old Hadera family on 6 July 1922. As an adult, he married Rachel. Mordechai, who was known to all as Motke, worked in furniture, construction, and transport, and was considered an especially esteemed resident of his city. He also was well known for his help to others there. From the beginning of the seventies he served as chairman of the Hadera Merchants Association.

Toward evening on Wednesday, 20 March 1991, an Arab youth entered Motke’s furniture store on Hanasi Street, and Motke invited him to take a look at furniture in the adjacent storage room. The Arab youth there stabbed him to death, then fled.

Motke was 68 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife and children.

Isaac Rotenberg

Abu Moussa Salam Ali Atiya

Shabbir Qassam Taher Hazam

Isaac Rotenberg was born to Natan and Miriam Rotenberg in Poland on 15 March 1927. A selektzia was held in his city following the outbreak of the Second World War, and his family was sent to the Sobibór extermination camp. With the exception of him, his younger brother, and his sister, his entire family perished. He was taken with his brother to a labor camp. When a revolt broke out, the two succeeded in escaping the camp, but they lost track of each other in the ensuing commotion. Isaac then made his way to the forest and joined the partisans.

In April 1947, Isaac reached the Land of Israel. He joined the IDF the next year, and fought in the War of Liberation in the north, near Kibbutz Manara.

Isaac was married to Riva, and they had two children, Tzipora and Pinhas. He worked as a plasterer, and was a founder of the city of Holon. Upon reaching retirement age, he decided to continue working a few hours per day to keep himself busy.

On 29 March 1994, during the Passover holiday, as Isaac was hunched on his knees, fixing a floor in his workplace in Petah Tikva, two of the Arab laborers on site attacked him and struck the back of his neck with axes. He was critically wounded, and entered a coma. Two days later, on 31 March, he died.

The murderers were caught staying in Lod with their Israeli Arab accomplices, and were sentenced to life in prison.

Isaac was 67 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife, son, brother, and sister.

Yigal Shahaf

Abu Hadir Muhammad Yassin Yassin

Yigal Shahaf was born to Ora and Yom Tov Masrufi on 21 February 1963. He had two sisters, Tali and Iris, and a brother, Shai. Yigal was a cheerful, well-liked youth, and an excellent student. He sang for many years in the choir of the Yeshurun Synagogue. He was an outstanding member of the Israel Scouts, and as an amateur athlete loved to play basketball. At age 16 he changed his surname to “Shahaf”: the seagull’s (shahaf) ability to fly high enchanted him and, in the view of his family, was an apt symbol of his personality and ambitions. Yigal went on to serve in the Israel Air Force and was there recognized as an outstanding soldier.

On Saturday, 10 October 1987, during the intermediate days of the Sukkot holiday, Yigal and his wife went on a trip to the Western Wall with another couple. While they were walking on the Via Dolorosa, a terrorist shot Yigal in the head. His wife begged him not to succumb: “Don’t die on me now, I love you so much!” With his last ounce of strength, Yigal smiled and tried to pull himself up—but then collapsed. The next day (11 October), he died. The terrorist who had shot him and the Jew who had sold the terrorist his weapon were caught and sentenced some months later.

Yigal was 24.5 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife, parents, sisters, and brother.

Menachem Stern

Muammar Ata Mahmoud Mahmoud

Salah Khalil Ahmad Ibrahim

Menahem Stern was born to Gittel and Pinhas Stern in Poland on 5 March 1925. He immigrated to the Land of Israel at the age of 13. In 1943, he began his studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which he completed with a master’s degree in Jewish history and world history. He received his Ph.D. in 1959, and in 1966 he was named a professor. He was an editor of Zion, a member of Education Ministry curricular committees, the president of the Israel Historical Society, the manager of the Zalman Shazar Center, and a member of the Israel Academy of the Sciences.

Menahem was married to Hava. They lived in Jerusalem, and there they had four children: Pinhas, Tali, Meira, and Daphne.

On 22 June 1989, Stern was walking from his home to the Givat Ram university campus when, in the Valley of the Cross, he was stabbed to death by two terrorists. His body was later discovered by passing schoolchildren.

Menahem was 64 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife, four children, and grandchildren.

Yosef Shirazi

Haga Salim Mahmoud Mawaid

Yosef Shirazi was born to Salam ben Yosef Shirazi and Neima bat Kaduri Hillel in Baghdad in 1930. His brothers were Eliyahu, David, and Yitzhak. In his youth he was active in the Zionist Movement, which was run there by by the Zionist leadership in the Land of Israel. Yosef immigrated to Israel in 1950. Following his IDF service he joined the Israel Police and married Josette. He was a pleasant, happy man.

On Sabbath even, 29 May 1992, a cell of four terrorists departed the Aqaba coast for Eilat, on a mission to commit mass murder. Yosef, who just two days earlier had begun working as a guard at a marine biology laboratory in Eilat, received a report of suspicious movement in the area of the laboratory and immediately set off to investigate what was happening outside. The terrorists shot him at close range, and afterward attempted to stage an attack on the Eilat-Taba Road. One of the terrorists was shot dead by the police and army. A second was wounded, caught, and sentenced to life in prison.

Yosef was 62 at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife and three brothers.

Hagai Shalhevet

Ahmad Mahmad Ahmad Aulad Mahmad

Sa’id Ahmad Mahmad Ula D. Muhammad

Yaacov Shalom

Muqbal Mahmad Badawi Najah

Yaacov Shalom was born to Hannah and Shlomo Shalom in Jerusalem on 2 December 1949. His siblings were Sima, Ruti, and Rami. He served in the IDF Golani Brigade and then studied law at the Hebrew University. He worked for the land registry as well as in a private capacity. Yaacov was married to Sara, and they had two daughters: Naama and Yael. In 1990 he opened the Pundak Ein Kerem restaurant. He was a pleasant person, witty with a unique sense of humor. He was a true friend who always was ready to lend a helping hand.

On Sunday, 20 May 1990, Yaacov was stabbed in his apartment, above his restaurant in Ein Kerem, by two Arabs who worked in the kitchen there. He managed to make his way to the yard, but then died.

Yaacov was 40 at the time of his death. He was survived by two daughters, his mother, sisters, and a brother.

Zalman Shlein

Janadiya Yusef Radwan Nahad

Hamadiah Mahmoud Awad Muhammad

Zalman Shlein was born to Aryeh and Beila Shlein in Poland on 15 May 1922. At age 15, he was forced by the Nazi threat to leave his hometown and family and set off wandering across the Soviet Union and Europe. In 1947, he immigrated to Israel on the Shabtai Luzinsky in defiance of British policy. He made landfall at the coast of Nitzanim, where a group of Gan Yavneh residents was waiting to receive his ship, and he decided to make his home there.

Zalman married Rivka, and they had two children: Aryeh and Bilhah. He worked as a construction worker and contractor, and built many of the homes in his town and its environs. He was a man of values, heritage, and culture, and loved his fellow man and his country. He was a dedicated family man, quiet, modest, humble, insightful, big-hearted, always ready to lend a helping hand.

On 14 July 1989, two young Arab laborers arrived at Zalman’s home and traveled with him to a construction site where he was building a house. There they pulled a knife, stabbed Zalman, and beat him with an iron pole. He fell under the attack, wallowing in his blood.

Zalman died of his wounds in an ambulance on the way to hospital. He was 64.

Erez Shmuel (Seidoff)

Alqarqi Fahmi Fahd Alaa Aladdin

Erez Shmuel was born to Batya and Shokor Seidoff in Jerusalem on 29 January 1971. He joined the IDF as a hesder student.

On 28 May 1993, on his way to the Cave of the Patriarchs, where he prayed each day, Erez fell in a battle with terrorists who attacked and killed him.

Erez was 22 at the time of his death. He was survived by his father and nine siblings: Yigal, Yehiel, Batsheva, Dina, Etty, Sara, Yonatan, Rachel, and Anat. His family and the Yeshivat Hesder of Kiryat Arba donated a Torah scroll to the Cave of the Patriarchs and dedicated a child care facility in Erez’s memory.

Sara Sharon

Da’agna Nufal Mahmad Mahmoud

Yakoub Muhammad Ouda Ramadan

Afana Mustafa Ahmad Muhammad

Sara Sharon was born to Esther and Moshe Zanati on 12 March 1955. She grew up in Ashdod with her siblings, Dorit, Shimon, and Yaacov. After reaching adulthood she married and had seven children: Limor, Mikey, Rami, Tali, Hagit, Noam, and David. Sara worked at various jobs and lived in Rishon Letziyon.

On 20 January 1993, Sara was stabbed to death by a terrorist on Yogev Street in Holon. Her body was discovered about one hour later by a passerby.

Sara was 38 at the time of her death. She was survived by her four sons and three daughters, parents, sister, and two brothers.

Moshe Tamam

Abu Mokh Hamdun Muhammad Rushdi

Ibrahim Abu Mokh

Biadsa Abdel Razeq Ahmad Ibrahim

Daqa Nimar Assad Walid

Moshe Tamam was born to Galya and Eddie Tamam in Havatzelet Hasharon on 23 June 1965. He could win over anybody with his sense of humor, and was a source of encouragement for those who needed support. He joined the IDF in 1983, and after basic training was assigned to the Combat Engineering Corps.

On 6 August 1984, Moshe was released from his base on leave. He met up with his girlfriend and accompanied her home to Tiberias, then returned from Tiberias to Tel Aviv and alighted from his bus at Beit Lid. He then disappeared.

Four days later, on 10 August, his body was found. His head had been wounded, and his chest bore the mark of an armor-piercing bullet. An investigation by the military police and other security forces found that Moshe had been abducted and murdered by a group of Israeli-Arab terrorists from Baqa al-Gharbiyye.

Moshe was 19 at the time of his death. He was survived by his parents, three brothers, and two sisters.

Hayim Hai Taktuk

Al Hatib Abdallah Qaid Bashir

Hayim Hai Taktuk was born to Avraham and Mazyana Taktuk in Tunis on 4 March 1940.

On 21 July 1988, five months after he had disappeared from home (on 28 February), Hayim’s body was found in a concrete floor in a Ramla warehouse. The Arab owner admitted on interrogation that he had murdered Hayim out of nationalistic motives.

Hayim was 48 at the time of his death.